KY-016 RGB full colour LED module

The KY-016 RGB Full Colour LED Module is a basic output component used in microcontroller projects to produce a wide range of visible colours. It combines three LEDs—red, green, and blue—into a single unit, allowing colour mixing through adjustable intensity control of each channel. The module operates using a common cathode configuration, where all LED cathodes are connected to ground, and each colour channel is individually controlled using PWM signals from a microcontroller such as Arduino or ESP32. By varying the duty cycle of each channel, different colour combinations and brightness levels can be produced, enabling full-spectrum RGB colour output. The KY-016 module is commonly used in learning environments and prototyping due to its simplicity, built-in current-limiting resistors, and direct compatibility with standard digital output pins. It is widely applied in visual indicators, lighting effects, and basic electronics demonstrations.